Методические указания 1 курс 6 часть (2024 год)

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ЛЕСНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА

И ОХРАНЫ ОБЪЕКТОВ ЖИВОТНОГО МИРА НИЖЕГОРОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Государственное бюджетное профессиональное образовательное учреждение Нижегородской области

«КРАСНОБАКОВСКИЙ ЛЕСНОЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ»

(ГБПОУ НО «КБЛК»)

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ

по дисциплине «Иностранный язык (Английский язык)» для студентов I курса 6 часть

Тема 1.7 Страна/страны изучаемого языка: географическое положение, столица, крупные города, регионы; система образования, достопримечательности, культурные особенности (национальные и популярные праздники, знаменательные даты, традиции, обычаи); страницы истории.

Составили: преподаватели иностранного языка Воронина М.В., Булкина Т.А.

Красные Баки 2023 год

Lesson 1

Great Britain

№1. Match the left and right columns

№2. Read the text and answer the questions:

The Union Jack, or Union Flag, is the national flag of the United Kingdom. The flag also has an official or semi-official status in some other Commonwealth realms: for example, it is a ceremonial flag in Canada by parliamentary resolution, and known there as the Royal Union Flag. Further, it is used as an official flag in some of the smaller British Overseas Territories. The Union Flag also appears in the canton (upper left-hand quarter) of the flags of several nations and territories that are former British possessions or dominions. It symbolizes the Union of England, Scotland and Ireland and dates back from 1801. The flag is made up of the crosses of the patron saints of England, Ireland and Scotland. Wales is not represented because when the flag first appeared, it was already united with England.

1. How old is the Union Jack?

2. Where can we see it?

3. What is it made up?

4. What part of the UK is not represented?

№3. Read, translate the text. Are the statements below true or false? Correct the false ones:

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland with an area of 244,000 square miles is situated in the British Isles, which are separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Straits of Dover and the English Channel. It consists of four parts - England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The population of the UK is over 62 million. Four out of five people live in towns. The largest cities in the country are London, Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow and Edinburgh. Nevertheless, agriculture is also well- developed, especially sheep-breeding in Scotland.

The territory of the country is small but it has a wide variety of landscape and scenery. There are moors, rivers, lakes, mountains, hills and plains there. Politically the UK is a monarchy: the head of state is the King or Queen. In practice the Sovereign reigns, but does not rule: Great Britain is governed by the Government. The present Sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II. The real ruler of the country is the Prime Minister representing the party in power.

The heart of the UK is England. It is the richest, the most fertile and most populated in the country. The north and the west of England are mountainous, but the remainder of the territory is a vast plain. In Northwest England there are many beautiful lakes with green, wooded or grassy shores and grey mountains all around.The smallest country is Wales. The largest part of Wales is covered with Rocky Mountains, which are difficult to climb. Most people in Wales live in the coastal plains.

Scotland is a land of mountains, wild moorlands, narrow valleys and plains, famous lakes, known as lochs and no end of large and small islands. The Highlands of Scotland are among the oldest mountains in the world. One third of the people in Scotland live in or near its capital, Edinburgh, and its great industrial centre, Glasgow. Northern Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom in 1920. The land is mountainous and has few natural resources. Farming, machinery and equipment manufacturing, food processing, textile and electronics manufacturing are the leading industries. Belfast is the capital and the largest city. The capital of the UK, London, stands on the Thames. The Thames is the busiest and the most important river in the UK, but it is not very long.

1) Great Britain consists of three parts.

2) The territory of the country is large: 244,000 square miles.

3) The smallest part is Wales.

4) Most people in Wales live in the mountains.

5) The Highlands are the oldest mountains in the world.

6) They are situated in Wales.

7) Glasgow is a great agricultural centre.

8) Northern Ireland is rich in natural resources.

9) The real ruler of the country is the Queen.

10) The United Kingdom is a parliamentary republic.

№4. Study the material «Articles with geographical names»:

№5. Insert the article where necessary, translate the sentences:

1. … Saint-Petersburg is considered to be the cultural capital of … Russian Federation. 

2. … Andes are the mountains in … South America.

3. … Teide is the volcano on the largest island of … Canary Islands.

4. … Lena leads to … Arctic Ocean.

5. …Lake Geneva located between …Switzerland and …France

6. … Victory Peak is a mountain in… eastern Kakshaal Range of … Tien Shan.

7. … Sahara desert and … Kalahari desert are the largest deserts in … Africa.

8. There are two lighthouses near or in … Cape Horn.

9. … Iberian Peninsula is divided between 3 states: … Portugal, … Spain and … Andorra.

10. … Victoria Falls is the largest waterfall in the world. …Tugela Falls is the world’s second tallest. Europe’s highest waterfall is … Utigard in Norway.

№6. Fill in the article where necessary:

1. … Europe is bordered towards the north by … Arctic Ocean, towards … south by … Mediterranean Sea and … Black Sea, towards … west by … Atlantic Ocean and … east by … Asia.

2. The largest fresh water lake in … Europe is … Lake Ladoga in … north-western Russia.

3. We've booked a holiday for three weeks in … Canary Islands.

4. Located to … east of … Mariana Islands in … western Pacific Ocean, ___ Mariana Trench is the deepest known area.

5. ___ Astrakhan is located on ___Caspian Sea.

6. Once I went for my holidays to ___ Lake Baikal. It was great!

7. In ___North of ___ Britain there are higher lands and mountains.

8. ___ Pennines is a chain of mountains which is known as the backbone of ___England.

9. The longest river in ___United States is ___Mississippi.

10. ___ Urals divide ___Asia and ___Europe.

№7. Use the article a where necessary:

Lesson 2

London

№1. Read, translate the text and decide which facts are true or false:

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest city in Europe. Its population is about 8 million. London is one of the oldest and most interesting cities in the world. Traditionally it is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East-End. They are very different from each other and seem to belong to different towns and epochs.

The heart of London is the City, its financial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are situated there, including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. Few people live here, but over a million people come to the City to work. There are some famous ancient buildings within the City. Perhaps the most striking of them is St Paul's Cathedral, the greatest of English churches. It was built in the 17th century by Sir Christopher Wren. The Tower of London was founded by Julius Caesar and in 1066 rebuilt by William the Conqueror. It was used as a fortress, a palace and a prison. Now it is a museum.

Westminster is the historic, the governmental part of London. Westminster Abbey has more historic associations than any other building in Britain. Nearly all English kings and queens have been crowned here. Many outstanding states-men, scientists, writers, poets and painters are buried here: Newton, Darwin, Chaucer, Dickens, Tennyson, Kipling, etc. Across the road from Westminster Abbey is Westminster Palace, or the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Parliament. The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big hour bell, known as «Big Ben». Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the King. The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. It is the symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, shops, restaurants, clubs, and theatres are situated there. There are splendid houses and lovely gardens belonging to wealthy people.

Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London. It was named in memory of Admiral Nelson's victory in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The tall Nelson's Column stands in the middle of the square. On the north side of Trafalgar Square is the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery. Not far away is the British Museum – the biggest museum in London. It contains a priceless collection of ancient manuscripts, coins, sculptures, etc, and is famous for its library.

1) The heart of London is Trafalgar Square.

2) St Paul's Cathedral is the greatest of English churches

3) The Tower of London was founded by William Shakespeare.

4) The tall Nelson's Column stands in the middle of the British Parliament.

5) London is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East-End.

№2. Complete the sentences with the or – (no article).

1 I would like to go to _____ London.

2 _____ Tower Bridge is one of the most famous tourist attractions in London.

3 Big Ben is the part of _____ Houses of _____ Parliament.

4 In _____ Madame Tussaud’s you can see wax figures of famous people.

5 _____ Tower of London is the oldest building in _____ City.

6 _____ Nelson’s Column is in _____ Trafalgar Square.

7 If you want to go shopping in London the best place for you _____ Oxford Street.

8 _____ Buckingham Palace is the home of royal family.

№3. Match the sights of London with their descriptions.

№4. Answer the questions:

1. How is called the oldest part of London?

2. What is the East End?

3. How many years is London?

4. When was in the battle of Trafalgar?

5. Who was built St Paul's Cathedral?

6. How was used The Tower of London? What is it now?

7. Where have kings and queens of the UK been crowned?

8. What lake is in the middle of Hyde Park?

№5. Study the material:

Чтобы свободно использовать сравнение в английском языке, необходимо выучить некоторые сравнительные обороты. Когда мы хотим сказать, что два предмета имеют равное качество, мы используем сравнительный оборот as…as… (такой же…, как и…) В этом случае мы употребляем прилагательное в положительной степени, то есть в его обычной основной форме: My car is as big as yours.

При отрицании равенства качеств двух предметов используется тот же оборот, только с частицей not: not as…as … (не так …, как …) или not so… as… (не такой…, как…). Прилагательное также употребляется в положительной степени: My car is not as big as yours.

При сравнении двух предметов неравного качества употребляется союз than (чем) с прилагательным в сравнительной степени: My car is bigger than yours

Это самая употребляемая сравнительная конструкция. Для усиления сравнения можно добавлять следующие слова: much – намного, far – гораздо, by far – безусловно, a lot – значительно, a little – немного, even – даже, still – ещё:

Your car is a little faster than mine.

Если мы хотим сказать о взаимосвязи какого-то качества с другим качеством, то используем оборот the…the… (чем …, тем …) и прилагательные в сравнительной степени. Глаголы в разговорном варианте могут опускаться: The bigger the car the better. Чтобы уточнить степень неравенства, можно использовать конструкции twice as…as…- (в два раза..чем…), three times…as…as- (в три раза…чем) и так далее. Только прилагательные здесь не в сравнительной степени, а в положительной: My car is twice as big as yours.

В выражениях «в два раза…» вместо twiсe может использоваться слово half (в половину) в конструкциях half as much/many, half the … as/of …: My car is half the size as yours.

№6. Fill in the gaps with the necessary forms of adjectives in the comparative degree of the the … the construction

1. The ___ information we have, the ___ are the decisions (much, good). 2. The ___ friends you have on Facebook, the ___ you have in real life (many, few). 3. The ___ is the change, the ___ is the trouble (little, much). 4. The ___ are the life barriers, the ___ we become (high, strong). 5. The ___ the world gets, the ___ 140 buildings appear (bad, good). 6. The ___ a vacation is, the ___ the recreation will last (short, bad).

№7. Fill in the blanks with adjectives good, bad, many / much, little, old, far, near, late in comparative degree:

1. A good name is ____ than fine perfume (good). 2. Roses and tulips are both nice, but I prefer ____ (late). 3. My ____ sister is two years ____ than me (old). 4. Nothing is ____ than active ignorance (bad). 5. You should drink ____ water during the daytime (much). 6. The stars are ____ away from the Earth than the Moon is (far).

№8. Translate the sentences:

1. The more he read, the less he understood. 2. The sooner you start, the sooner you finish.

3. The longer he stayed there, the less he liked these people. 4. The longer we stayed there, the more we liked the place. 5. The more educated a person is, the more modest he usually is.

№9. Translate into English:

1. Море сегодня такое же голубое, как небо. 2. Розы такие же свежие, как тюльпаны. 3. Этот вопрос такой же простой, как все остальные. 4. Кухня в нашей квартире такая же большая, как столовая. 5. Мой друг такой же высокий, как его брат. 6. Ночи весной не такие короткие, как летом.

Lesson 3

Customs and Traditions

№1. Read and translate the text:

Great Britain: Some English customs and traditions are famous all over the world. Tea and talking about the weather, for example. England is a land rich with traditions ranging from wassailing to special holiday events and superstitions. In Great Britain there is no written constitution, only customs, traditions and precedents. Traditionally the Queen reigns but does not rule.

English people have traditions not only in political, but in social life. They like to spend their free time in pubs where they can have a glass of beer and talk about different things their friends. A typical feature of an English house is a fireplace, even when there is central heating in house. Many families have pets — a dog, a cat or a bird. Politeness is a characteristic feature of English people. They often say "Thank you", "Sorry", "Beg your pardon".

Australia: Many Australians come together on St Patrick's Day to celebrate Irish culture and remember St Patrick. Some organizations hold St Patrick's Day breakfasts and lunches where lucky draw prizes are given and Irish food and drinks are served. On St Patrick's Day parades people wear traditional Irish costumes or dress in green.

Ireland: Many families prepare their homes for Easter Sunday by doing "spring cleaning" to prepare the house for blessing by the local priest which is a religious ceremony that dates back hundreds of years.

Canada: Canadian culture reflects a heavy influence of British, American and Aboriginal culture and Editions. For example, according to Canadian Prairie etiquette, if a neighbour brings you a Plate of food, you must return the plate dirty; washing it will bring bad luck.

New Zealand: Church weddings are the most traditional marriage celebrations in New Zealand. According to a custom, the groom should not see the bride before she joins him at the front of church on their wedding day. The Maori wedding ceremony is conducted by a tribal elder and the couple is blessed in the Maori language. Wedding rings made of carved bone are also popular amongst those wishing to include the ancient culture in their wedding.

№2. Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones.

1. All English traditions are famous all over the world.

2. According to the British constitution the Queen reigns but does not rule.

3. English people like to spend their free time at home.

4. You can find fireplaces in English houses where there is no central heating.

5. British people are very polite.

6. Many Irish people come to Australia to celebrate St Patrick's Day.

7. Many Australian families do "spring cleaning" on Easter Day.

8. In New Zealand all the wedding ceremonies should be conducted in accordance with Maori customs.

9. Canadian culture reflects an influence of Australian traditions.

№3. Make the word-combinations and translate them:

№4. Match the title with the text:

A – Christmas

B – Hallowe'en

C – Mother's Day

D – St. Valentine’s Day

E – New Year's Day

F – Easter

  1. On this day people visit their mothers and give them flowers and small presents. Husbands and children help with the meals and washing up.

  2. On this day people usually visit their friends. They try to be the first person to wish good luck to their friends in the new year. There is a lot of dancing and eating. At midnight everybody joins hands and sings a special song.

  3. On this day people send cards to their friends, parents and relatives. People put trees in their rooms and decorate them with toys and coloured lights. On this day children get up early in the morning. They want to see a stocking full of small presents on their beds. A traditional dinner on this holiday is roast turkey, roast potatoes and pudding.

  4. People send special cards to people they love. They shouldn't write their names on the cards. The person who gets the card must guess who sent it.

  5. At this holiday schools close for two weeks. People give each other chocolate eggs. Sometimes parents hide eggs in the house or in the garden and children look for them.

  6. On this day they say ghosts and witches come out. Children make lanterns out of pumpkins. Some people have parties and dress as witches and ghosts. It is celebrated on the 31^st of October. Children walk from house to house and ask "Trick or treat?"

№5. Fill in the table with the symbols of some British holidays:

№6. Translate the sentences:

1.Одна из самых известных традиций Великобритании - это праздник День Святого Патрика в Северной Ирландии, Шотландии, Англии и Уэльс.

2. Яркое и красочное мероприятие показывает на национальные гордость и единства людей.

3. Рождественские угощения, такие как пудинг, индейка и миндальный пирог, также играют важную роль в этот праздник.

4. Вся страна останавливается на минуту молчания, чтобы отметить память погибших.

5. Традиции являются важным элементом культурного наследия и придают стране уникальную и привлекательную атмосферу.

№7. Guess the holiday and cross out the odd word:

1) Fir tree, pantomime, Santa Claus, pumpkin, stockings, colored lights and decorations, cards

2) Shrove Tuesday, Maundy Thursday, maypole, making pancakes, going to church, egg-rolling, an ancient symbol of new life

3) Trafalgar Square, first footing, Hogmanay, fir tree, Morris dance

4) “Penny for a guy”, “trick or treat”, jack-o’-lanterns, ghosts, horrible faces, pumpkin

5) Joke, tricks, a pint of pigeon’s milk, laugh, autumn

6) Love, flowers, summer, cards, winter

7) Gunpowder Plot, bonfires, the Houses of Parliament, “Penny for a guy”, jack-o’-lanterns

8) Jump, witches, kilts, toss, bagpipes, Scotland

9) Garlands of flowers, ribbons, Morris dance, the maypole, egg- rolling

Lesson 4

The United States of America

№1. Read, translate the text and answer the questions:

The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world (after Russia, Canada and China). The USA lies in the central part of North America. The total area of the country is about nine and a half million square kilometres. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean. Its eastern coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. The USA borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the south. It has a sea-boarder with Russia. The climate of the country varies greatly from arctic in Alaska through continental in the central part to subtropical in the south.

The USA is a federal republic. It consists of fifty states and the District of Columbia. The capital of the country is Washington D. C. The population of the USA is about 250 million people. Each state has its own government. The seat of the federal government is Washington D. C. According to the US Constitution the powers of the government are divided into 3 branches. They are the executive, the legislative and the judicial. The executive is headed by the President and his Administration. The legislative is exercised by the US Congress. The judicial is headed by the US Supreme Court. The Congress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are two main political parties in the USA, the Republican and the Democratic.

The flag of the USA is called "Stars and Stripes." There are three colours on the flag of the USA. They are red, white and blue. As there are fifty states in the USA, there are fifty stars on the American flag: one star for each state. The American flag has thirteen stripes. The stripes are red and white. The flag has seven red stripes and six white stripes. There is one stripe for each of the first thirteen colonies which in 1776 became independent of England. The eagle became the official national symbol of the country in 1782. It holds an olive branch (a symbol of peace) and arrows (symbols of strength) in its paws. The USA has an official song. It is called The Star Spangled Banner.

The USA is one of the greatest industrial and leading agricultural nations in the world. The USA produces around 25% of the world's industrial products, agricultural goods and services. The USA is rich in coal, iron and oil. Many rivers cross the country. The most important are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Colorado, the Sacramento. The main lakes are the Great Lakes in the north.

The largest cities are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San Francisco, Washington and others. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada. The USA is one of the most powerful and highly developed countries in the world. It is the leader of the western world.

1) What is the capital of the USA?

2) Where does the USA lie?

3) What oceans wash the western and eastern coasts of the USA?

4) How many states are there in the USA?

5) What is the total area of the USA?

6) What does the Congress consist of?

7) What is the flag of the USA called?

8) What are the main rivers and lakes of the USA?

№2. Complete the sentences:

1. The USA borders ... ...

2. There are …… states in the USA

3. The…….. became the official national symbol of the country in 1782.

4. Many rivers cross the country. The most important are ...

5. The USA is one of the greatest ...

6. The climate of the country varies

7. The population of the USA is ... ...

8. The total area of the country is ...

9. There is one stripe for ... ...

10. The capital of the country is ...

№3. Write true (T) or false (F). Correct false sentences:

1. The capital city of the USA is New York.

2. George Washington was the first president of the USA.

3. There are fifty stars on the American flag.

4. America was discovered by Marco Polo.

5. The Statue of Liberty was a gift from the people of France.

6. San Francisco is known as the Big Apple.

№4. Read the definitions and write what the symbol is:

the bald eagle, the Stars and Stripes, the Great Seal of the USA, the statue of Liberty, the Liberty bell, Mount Rushmore, the White House, the Capitol

a) It represents an American eagle with a ribbon in its beak. The bird is holding an olive branch (symbolizing peace) and 13 arrows (for the original 13 colonies and the necessity of war to protect the country). A shield is in front of the eagle.

b) It is the official residence of the President of the United States of America. It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C., the capital city of the USA.

c) It is a big mountain sculpture of four US Presidents, located in South Dakota. The Presidents depicted are: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. The work was designed by the sculptor John Gutzon Borglum (March 25, 1871- March 6, 1941).

d) It is a huge bronze bell that symbolizes freedom (= liberty) in the United States of America.

e) It is a huge sculpture that is located on Liberty Island in New York. The real name of the statue is "Liberty Enlightening the World."

f) This bird is native from North America; it has been the national symbol of the USA since 1782.

g) On it, there are: 50 stars representing the 50 states of the USA today; 13 white and red stripes representing the 13 colonies that existed when the USA became independent in 1776.

h) This building houses the United States Congress (a part of the Government); it is in Washington, D.C.

№5. Study the material “Perfect Tenses”:

№6. Write the 3^rd form of the following verbs, translate them:

finish, be, hear, play, buy, write, watch, do, take, study, read, know, change, spend, make.

№7. Open the brackets using positive form of Present Perfect:

1. Kate is crying. She … (hurt) her knee.

2. The tree … already … (fall) across the road.

3. Jack has earache. He … (have) it since 7 o’clock.

4. Ben … (live) in Chicago since 1998.

5. We … already … (to see) your family photo in the newspaper.

6. Oh, no! I … (lose) my money!

7. My mum … (write) shopping list. It's on the kitchen table.

8. Dad, you … (eat) my biscuit!

9. Andy is in hospital now. He … (have) a bad crash.

10. Hurry up! They … (start) the film!

№8. Translate the sentences:

1. Ты уже задавал мне этот вопрос. Ты еще не задавал мне этот вопрос.

2. Я уже отказался участвовать в этом проекте. Я еще не отказался участвовать в этом проекте.

3. Лекция уже началась. Лекция еще не началась.

4. Дождь уже закончился. Дождь еще не закончился.

5. Мы уже получили ответ на наше деловое письмо. Мы еще не получили ответ на наше деловое письмо.

6. Мы уже заказали пиццу в офис. Мы еще не заказывали пиццу в офис.

7. Я уже забронировал гостиницу в Лондоне. Я еще не забронировал гостиницу в Лондоне.

8. Наши друзья уже вернули нам ключи. Наши друзья еще не вернули нам ключи. 9 Мы уже навестили нашего больного коллегу. Мы еще не навестили нашего больного коллегу.

10. Мы уже организовали пижамную вечеринку. Мы еще не организовали пижамную вечеринку.

№9. Answer the question, using already in positive answer and yet in negative ones:

Example: Have you opened a Facebook account yet?

– Yes, I have. I have already opened a Facebook account.

– No, I haven’t. I haven’t opened a Facebook account yet.

1. Have you received my e-mail yet?

2. Have we visited my Facebook page yet?

3. Has she cooked a chicken yet?

4. Has he finished his dinner yet?

5. Have they arranged a birthday party yet?

6. Has she phoned her friend yet?

7. Have you asked you colleagues for help yet?

8. Has he visited his uncle in the country yet?

9. Have you checked our business letters yet?

10. Have the police arrested dangerous criminals yet?

Lesson 5

Washington D.C.

№1. Read, translate the text and answer the questions:

Washington is the capital of the United States of America. It is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. The population of the city is 900,000 people. Washington was named after the first US president George Washington. He selected the place for the capital. It was founded in 1790. Since 1800 Washington D.C. has been the federal capital. The French engineer, Pierre L'Enfant, designed the city. Washington D.С. isn't like other cities of the USA. It has long wide avenues, 26 gardens, beautiful parks and no skyscrapers at all, because no other building must be taller than the Capitol.

The Capitol is the seat of the American Congress. The 535 members of the Congress meet here to discuss the nation's affairs. It is situated in the centre of the city. The Capitol has a big white dome standing on a circle of pillars. It is a huge building, full of paintings and statues. The White House is the official residence of the US President. It was built in 1799. The US President works and lives there.

Washington is a large scientific and cultural centre. There are many museums, theatres, research institutes, five universities, the National Academy of Science and the Library of Congress there. The Library of Congress is situated not far from the Capitol. It is the largest library in the States. It contains more than 13 million books, more than 19 million manuscripts, including the personal papers of the US presidents. There is one more well-known building in Washington — Pentagon. It is the residence of the US Military department. It is situated in the suburbs to the south of the Potomac.

There are many monuments in the city. The most impressive and the best-known ones are the Lincoln Memorial, the Washington Monument and the Jefferson Memorial. Thousands of tourists visit Washington every day. Washington D.С. is the city where you think about the glorious history of the USA.

1. What is the capital of the USA?

2. Where is the capital situated?

3. What is the population of the city?

4. Who was Washington named after?

5. Who selected the place for the capital?

6. When was the city founded?

7. Who designed the city?

8. Where is the seat of the American Congress?

9. Where is the official residence of the US President?

10. When was it built?

11. What is the largest library in the states?

12. What building is the residence of the US Military department?

№2. Put in the missing words according to the text.

1. The 535 members of the Congress meet here to discuss the nation's ...

2. Pentagon is situated in the ... to the south of the Potomac.

3. There are many museums, theatres, ..., five universities, the National Academy of Science and the Library of Congress there.

4. The Capitol is ... building, full of ... and statues.

5. Washington D.C. has long wide ... gardens, beautiful parks and no ... at all.

6. Washington is situated on ... in the District of Columbia.

7. The Library of Congress contains more than 13 million books, more than 19 million .... including the personal... of the US presidents.

8. The Capitol has a big white ... standing on a circle of ... .

№3. Match the two parts of the sentences

№4. How much do you know about Washington D.С.? Write the correct answer:

1. What does D.C. stand for?

a) Dearest Capital

b) District of Columbia

c) Directly Central

2. What colour is the most famous house in Washington?

a) Red

b) White

c) Blue

3. Washington D.C. was a city planned by …

a) Thomas Jefferson

b) James Hoban

c) Pierre L’Enfant

4. What is the oldest standing building in Washington D.C.?

a) The Senate

b) The Capitol

c) Old Stone House

5. Washington is located on the north bank of the …

a) Potomac River

b) Hudson River

c) Mississippi River

6. On what street is the White House?

a) Pennsylvania Avenue

b) Connecticut Avenue

c) Independence Avenue

7. What name was the 1^st name of the President after whom the city was named?

a) Abraham

b) John

c) George

8. Which of these museums is located in the city?

a) The Smithsonian

b) MOMA

c) Guggenheim

9. What is the National Mall?

a) A shopping centre

b) A museum

c) A park

№5. Translate the sentences using Past Perfect:

1. К концу месяца они истратили все деньги.

2. К 28-ми годам она сделала прекрасную карьеру.

3. Когда вернулись родители, друзья Майка уже ушли.

4. Ребенку было очень интересно. Он никогда раньше не был в зоопарке.

5. Я не ожидала, что он придет вовремя. Он уже дважды опаздывал.

№6. Open the brackets using Past Perfect:

1. Frank was in the Tretyakov Gallery last Sunday. He … (never, to be) there before.

2. She entered the room, greeted the guests, and introduced the friend she … (to bring).

3. By 6 o’clock they … (not, to announce) the results yet.

4. He … (to try) getting her on the phone since early morning but she was out.

5. By the time he was 15 he … (to break) his arm three times.

№7. Make sentences negative and interrogative:

1. He had finished school.

2. She had phoned her friend.

3. I had seen the film.

4. We had cleaned my room.

5. They had finished school.

6. We had returned from his journey.

7. She had got bad news.

8. I had finished the text.

Lesson 6

Traditions of the USA

№1. Read and translate the text:

The United States of America is the country with the most diverse cultures. As it is the land of immigrants, almost every nation of the world has contributed something to American traditions and customs. Some of them may seem quite strange and completely different from those of our native country.

First of all we must say that American people are not just the nation of fast food and baseball caps. It is a unique nation rich in its traditions and typical habits. Americans like smiling, handshaking and joking. They protect their privacy and avoid discussing such controversial subjects as religion, money, politics and personal values. At the same time the people are really friendly and open-minded. Many Americans appreciate independent thinking. They are always punctual and wait their turn in lines patiently. Baseball, basketball, football and bowling are America’s favourite pastimes. These kinds of sports are played all over the country by thousands of amateurs.

Most of the US holidays are authentically American and celebrated in all the states. These are Thanksgiving Day, Columbus Day, Independence Day, Presidents’ Day, Veterans’ Day, Memorial Day, Halloween and St. Valentine’s Day. On Christmas Eve the people decorate their homes with holly and mistletoe, they hang stockings over the fireplace and leave cookies and milk for Santa. As for Independence Day which is celebrated in summer, American families are always happy to drive to the countryside to enjoy picnics, barbecues and camping trips. In the evenings there are always impressive fireworks. As for Halloween, adults and children like to carve “jack-o-lanterns”, dress up in scary costumes and attend parties. Kids also adore roaming from door to door asking for sweets and shouting “trick or treat”.

The type of traditional food in the USA varies depending on the region or the state. Southern states, for instance, are known for fried chicken and dumplings, alligator meat and corn bread. In Texas the cuisine is mostly influenced by Mexican burritos, tacos and chili peppers. On Thanksgiving and Christmas Days American people have really huge family dinners. The traditional food on Thanksgiving Day is roast turkey, mashed potatoes, mincemeat pies and pumpkin pies. At Christmas the Americans cook roast turkey, sweet potatoes, cranberry sauce, “hopping John”, plum puddings, apple pies and mince pies. There is a unique American holiday which was made famous in the 90-s thanks to a comedy film “Groundhog Day”. According to the folk saying, if a groundhog emerges out of its burrow on a cloudy day the spring will come early. If not – the winter is going to stay for the next 6 weeks.

№2. Answer the questions:

1) Are American traditions and customs similar as in our country?

2) What are America’s favourite pastimes?

3) What American holidays are native?

4) How do Americans decorate their homes on Christmas Eve?

5) What does the groundhog predict in the USA?

№3. Fill in the gaps with the following words and word combinations.

1. Halloween or … of All Saints’ Day is celebrated on October 31.

2. Though there are few … working today, a Sweeps Festival is celebrated in Rochester on the first weekend in May, in honour of this old profession.

3. St. Valentine’s Day is celebrated on … 14.

4. To present … on Christmas is a good tradition.

5. … is a characteristic feature of English people.

6. I know that many English people like … animals.

7. Thanksgiving Day is very popular in … .

8. The people can spend … with their families, as it is a four-day holiday.

9. As the … cooks, make the simple homemade … .

10. The Lord Chancellor presides over Parliament sitting on a … , which symbolizes the importance of wool in English history.

№4. Fill the table:

№5. Use Future Perfect in the sentences:

1) By Friday Jill … (finish) these novels by O’Henry.

2) Before his holiday Jake … (spend) all his money.

3) Susan … (not/learn) his lesson by tomorrow.

4) The train … (leave) by the time the couple get to the station.

5) The ferry … (reach) the port by 4 o’clock tomorrow.

6) The chef … (cook) all the dishes by the time the banquet begins.

7) Jack and Monica … (send) all the invitations by next Tuesday.

№6. Make up the sentences negative and interrogative:

1. We will have played two games of cricket by 6 o’clock tomorrow.

2. They will have left the country by next Monday.

3. She will have returned from the walk by 8 o’clock tomorrow.

4. We will have done the shopping by 5 o’clock tomorrow.

5. Martin will have passed all the exams by next Wednesday.

6. You will have known the results of the test by tomorrow evening.

7. Angela will have written the essay by Tuesday.

№7. Make up special questions to underlined words:

1.  Martin will have painted the roof of the house by 7 o’clock.

2.  We will have put the posters in the hall by the beginning of the concert.

3.  They will have brought new furniture bv 4 o’clock tomorrow.

4. Olga will have returned from the swimming pool bv 7 o’clock.

5.  You will have typed five letters by the end of the working day.

№8. Translate into English:

1. Майк отремонтирует ваш автомобиль до вечера вторника.

2.  Мы не закончим этот проект до конца этого месяца.

3.  Мой юрист подготовит все необходимые документы до четверга.

4. Вы получите наше сообщение до конца рабочего дня.

5.  Елена приготовит ужин до семи часов вечера? — Да, она всё приготовит, а мы накроем на стол до семи вечера.

6.  Кто закажет билеты на самолет до понедельника? — Джон их закажет.

№9. Match the dates and the holidays:

№10. Answer the quiz:

1. What’s another term for the British flag?

2. What is the traditional male costume in Scotland?
3. What is the national emblem of Ireland?

4. What is the national flower of Wales?

5. Who is the current monarch in the UK?

6. With which sport is Wimbledon associated?

7. Who is the patron saint of Scotland?
8. In which year was the Great Fire of London?
9. What does the word “Albion”, the poetic name of Great Britain, mean?

10. How many bronze lions can you see at the foot of the monument to Admiral Nelson?

11. When do the Americans celebrate Independence day?

12. Who was the first to celebrate Thanksgiving?

13. What animal has a holiday in February?
14. Who discovered America?

15. What is the capital of the USA?

16. Which of the US Presidents was a Hollywood actor?
17. How many states are there in the USA?

18. Which state is the home of Coca-Cola?

19. What ocean borders the United States to the west?

20. What is the national sport of America?