Сборник по выполнению контрольных работ по техническим специальностям для студентов-заочников

^{Министерство образования и науки Республики Бурятия}

^{ГАПОУ РБ Бурятский республиканский техникум автомобильного транспорта}

Сборник по выполнению контрольных работ по техническим специальностям для студентов-заочников

Составитель: М.З.Вахрунова

преподаватель английского языка

с. Иволгинск 2016 г.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 1

 READING

Задание 1. Прочтите текст и переведите письменно выделенный отрывок.

PROFESSION OF MANAGER

Few people better personify the French technocratic elite that has held France in a tight grip for many decades than Pierre Bilger. Bilger is the Chairman of Alstom, the giant power and railway equipment company formed out of the joint venture between Britain's General Electric Company (GEC) and France's Alcatel-Alsthom, which became a separately quoted company in 1998.

On graduating, Bilger, like many of his ENA colleagues, joined the Finance Ministry, rising quickly up its ranks. In 1982 he switched from government to industry, joining CGE, as Alcatel-Alsthom was then known, although since the company was at that time owned by the French state, the change was more apparent than real.

At Alcatel-Alsthom his big project was overseeing the formation in 1988 of the joint venture with GEC. As soon as the joint venture, GEC-Alsthom, was formed, Bilger was given the task of running it.

After a decade of working for one of the largest Anglo-French joint ventures, Bilger is well attuned to Anglo-Saxon attitudes. He speaks frequently of shareholders and of the need to keep costs down but he still remains very French. His explanations are fluent and polished and his arguments have none of the down-to-earth style you might expect from someone running a British engineering company.

Although Britain and France are neighbours, their business cultures could hardly be further apart. What, I ask, had he found most irritating about the English once he was put in charge of a company full of them? 'What I found most irritating about our British colleagues was their great reluctance to go through what we French would consider a rational process of making a decision,' he answered thoughtfully. 'They insist on going straight to the point, whereas we like to have a systematic agenda. But over time I came to appreciate that this had its virtues as well.'

Like most French establishment figures, Bilger is an ardent Europhile. The company, he believes, is itself an experiment in unity; soon after the British and French parts were put together, German and Spanish units were added. After a brief attempt at using multiple languages inside the company, Bilger soon decided

to impose English as the company language, partly because the English were reluctant to learn any other languages. 'We lost a few French managers because of that, but not many,' he says.

Alstom remains a technological leader and it is led by bright people. Bilger does not mention it, but in France the country's cleverest, best-qualified people can be found running manufacturing companies. In Britain that has not been true for almost a century.

Задание 2. Соответствуют ли данные утверждения содержанию текста? Поставьте знак T , если утверждение верное и знак F, если неверное.

1. British and French business cultures have many things in common,

2. The British tend to take decisions more quickly than the French.

3. The French do not like having long discussions to analyze things in detail.

4. The French feel they are systematic and logical in their approach to business.

5. British business people like to follow a strict agenda at meetings.

6. Alstom is no longer a purely French-British company.

7. In Alstom the French and English languages have equal status.

Задание 3. Заполните список этапов образования и карьеры Бильжера.

Complete the chart showing the different stages of Bilger's education and career.

First higher education institution a) Institut des Etudes Politiques

Second higher education institution b)

First main employer c)

Second main employer d)

New name of company from 1988 e)

Current name of company f)

 GRAMMAR

Задание 4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Here is ... large window. Through ... window we can see ... room. Opposite ... window there is ... door. On ... door there is ... curtain. In ... corner of ... room there is ... round table. On it we can see ... books and ... telephone. There is ... bookshelf over ... table. On ... bookshelf we can see ... newspapers and ... book by ... Jack London. There are ... two ... pictures in ... room. One ... picture is small, ... oilier picture is very large.

Задание 5. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.

1. This room is very large. 2. There is a match in the box. 3. Has this lady a knife? 4. There is a man and a woman in the street. 5. This lady is that gen­tleman's wife. 6. This shoe is too large for my foot. 7. The child is sitting on a bench. 8. My tooth is white. 9. This key is made of steel. 10. A potato is a vegetable and a cherry is a fruit.

Задание 6. Переведите предложения.

The higher is the pressure, the higher is the temperature.

Their weight is more than that of gasoline engines.

The cost of a heavier fuel is less than that of a light one.

The fuel consumption of a diesel is much less than that of gasoline engines.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 2

 READING

Задание 1. Прочтите текст и переведите письменно выделенный отрывок.

НЕRО OF ALEXANDRIA

About sixty years after the death of Archimedes, Hero of Alexandria was born. Nobody knows the exact date of his birth, but according to the best authorities, he lived about 150 В. С In addition to being a great mathematician, he invented the siphon, the gear-wheel, the pump, the water clock and the steam engine.

His book on mechanics translated into Arabic, was carefully studied by mechanics and engineers of the sixteenth century. In this remarkable book Hero lists and describes five simple ways by which an unusually heavy weight may be lifted and moved with minimum effort. These five principles form the basis of all the machinery in the world today. But though described in detail by Hero, their practical application to machinery did not come about for more than a thousand years. They are: the lever, the wheel and axle, the pulley, the wedge, the screw.

While it is true that the invention of the screw is attributed to Archimedes and the wedge and the lever were known long before Hero's time, he was the man, who showed for the first time that all machinery is based on these five important principles, and how to apply these principles to machinery — such as it was in these early times.

Neither he nor anyone else of his time realized the importance of these inventions. Hero's book on pneumatics, which was translated into Italian in 1549 and later into English, described more than seventy totally useless inventions, most of which embody important basic principles.

Their main function was to entertain. The siphon, that is essential to modern plumbing and sanitation, Hero saw as a sort of toy. Nineteen centuries later Robert Fulton would employ the power of steam for locomotion, but Hero used it to make a hissing sound of a rattlesnake. He discovered the pump, so vital to our civilization, but he used it only as a toy. Hero applied it for the automatic pumping of an organ where the air was supplied by wheel turning in the wind. The importance of pumps in industry was not realized until the middle of the sixteenth century, sixteen hundred years after the death of the inventor. Among his other inventions we find a slot machine placed in the temple for different purposes and some other inventions of this kind. It is doubtful whether any other inventors in history applied so many world-shaking ideas to what would appear to us as entertainments. But all this was in keeping with Greek reverence for philosophy and scientific theory and indifference to practical application.

Задание 2. Перепишите предложения в порядке, соответствующем содержанию текста.

1. Ancient Greeks loved scientific theory but were not interested in scientific application. That’s why Hero’s inventions were useless.

2. Practical application of these five principles to machinery came about more than a thousand years later.

3. Hero also showed for the first time that all machinery is based on these principles.

4. Hero's book on pneumatics described more than seventy of his totally useless inventions.

5. The five principles, described by Hero, are the lever, the wheel and axle, the pulley, the wedge, the screw.

6. In his book on mechanics, Hero listed and described the five basic principles of mechanics.

7. Neither Hero nor his contemporaries realized the importance of his inventions.

Задание 3. Распределите слова по отраслям согласно таблице. Некоторые слова могут относиться к нескольким отраслям.

chemicals solution input division experiment

plant program subtraction mouse virus

liquid root drive test memory

addition earth acid tube

leaf equation network habitat

Mathematics	Biology	Computer Science	Chemistry

Задание 4. Соедините начало предложений с их окончанием, запишите и переведите предложения.

1. The progress of motor cars 2. Many of the cars broke for the transmissions 3. Multi-cylinder engines 4. The most famous of these acts 5. J.Cugnot* built a steam-driven engine which 6. There was a great need for the engine that 7. The problem of a more efficient engine 8. The cars of that time

A. came into use. B. could quickly be started and stopped. C. were very small, two-seated cars with no roof. D. met the great opposition in Great Britain. E. was solved by the invention of the internal combustion engine. F. was the Red Flag Act of 1865. G. were still unreliable and constantly gave trouble. H. ran at maximum speed of four miles.

* читается Ж.Кюно

 GRAMMAR

Задание 5. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. My ... friend has to get up early in ... morning because he goes to ... school. That's why he usually goes to ... bed early in ... evening.

2. ... weather was very bad in ... morning yesterday. ... sky was grey and it was raining. But in ... middle of ... day ... weather began to change. ... rain stopped and ... sun appeared from behind ... clouds. In ... afternoon it was very warm. I did not want to stay at ... home and went into ... yard.

Задание 6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

1. Mother (to cook) a very tasty dinner yesterday. 2. Tomorrow Nick (not to go) to school. 3. Look! My friends (to play) football. 4, Kate (not to write) letters every day. 5. You (to see) your friend yesterday? 6, Your father (to go) on a business trip last month? 7. What Nick (to do) yesterday? 8. When Nick (to get) up every morning? 9. Where your mother (to go) tomorrow? 10. I (to invite) my friends to come to my place tomorrow.

Контрольная работа 3

 READING

Задание 1. Прочтите текст и выполните задания.

Engine

The word ‘engine’ originally meant any ingenious device and came from Greek word ingenious (clever). Any kind of vehicle must be able to move. The ability to move demands power. A machine that produces mechanical power is called an engine or a power plant. Engines present one of the most interesting groups of problems considered in the engineering field. One of the main problems is receiving the maximum possible power or thrust for minimum weight. Weight is included in the weight/power ratio, which is defined as the weight in pounds per horse power output.

Another important problem is that of fuel. Both in the past and now designers work at the problem of getting lower specific fuel consumption. Specific fuel consumption is obtained by dividing the weight of the fuel burnt per hour by the horse power developed.

Another possible problem considered in any engine is its flexibility. Flexibility is the ability of the engine to run smoothly and perform properly at all speeds and through all variations of atmospheric conditions.

One more important problem worked at by the designers is the engine reliability. The engine is to have a long life with maximum of time between overhaul periods. In some cases the problem of balance is one of the main. Balance has several possible meanings but the principal factor is absence of vibration. Besides any engine must be started easily and carry its full load in a few minutes. There are gasoline engines, diesel engines, gas turbines, steam engines, jet engines and rocket engines. Each of them has certain advantages and disadvantages over other forms of power plants.

Задание 2. Переведите слова и словосочетания технических характеристик двигателя.

Weight /power ratio; specific fuel consumption; flexibility; reliability; balance;

weight in pounds per horse power output; absence of vibration

Задание 3. Переведите предложения.

The higher is the pressure, the higher is the temperature.

Their weight is more than that of gasoline engines.

The cost of a heavier fuel is less than that of a light one.

The fuel consumption of a diesel is much less than that of gasoline engines.

 GRAMMAR

Задание 4. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в Present Simple.

1. They always (have) breakfast at 7.

2. He (not/wear) glasses.

3. She usually (have) cereal for breakfast.

4. I (be) never late for work.

5. We (need) an answer from you before Wednesday.

6. She (not/eat) meat at all.

7. He never (reply) to my emails.

8. He (be) an accountant.

9. We (not/know) her.

10. My mum (like) making pasta.

Задание 5. Перепишите следующий текст в прошедшем времени, подчеркните или выделите жирным шрифтом глаголы в Past Simple.

John wakes up when it is already quite light. He looks at his watch. It is a quarter to seven. Quick! Boris jumps out of bed and runs to the bath-room. He has just time to take a cold shower and I drink a glass of tea with bread and butter. He is in a hurry to catch the eight o'clock train. At the railway station he meets three other boys from his group. They all have small backpacks and fishing-rods. In less than an hour they get off the train at a small station near a wood.

Задание 6. Соотнесите слова с их переводом.

four-speed synchromesh gearbox 2- clutch pedal 3- crankshaft 4- drive shaft 5- starting gear ring 6- sliding sleeve for 3rd and 4th gear 7- synchronized cone 8- helical gear wheel for 3rd gear 9- sliding sleeve for 1st and 2nd gear 10- helical gear wheel for 1st gear 11- lay shaft 12- speedometer drive 13- helical gear wheel for speedometer drive 14- main shaft 15- gearshift rods 16- selector fork for 1st and 2nd gear 17- helical gear wheel for 2nd gear 18- selector head with reverse gear 19- selector fork for 3rd and 4th gear 20- gear lever (gearshift lever) 21- gear-change pattern (shift pattern)

-геликоидальная шестерня для первой передачи; -вилка избирательного механизма для 3 и 4 передачи; -тяги переключения передач; -вторичный вал; -зубчатый венец, маховик; -ведущий вал (приводной вал, коленвал); -коленчатый вал; -избирательная головка с шестерней заднего хода; -привод спидометра; -синхронизирующий конус; -геликоидальная шестерня привода спидометра; -геликоидальная шестерня для 3 передачи; -четырехступенчатая синхромеханическая коробка передач; -передаточный вал; -скользящая муфта для 1 и 2 передачи; -схема переключения скоростей; -вилка избирательного механизма; -геликоидальная шестерня для 2 передачи; -рычаг переключения передач; -скользящая муфта включения 3 и 4 скоростей; -педаль сцепления

Контрольная работа 4

 READING

Задание 1. Перепишите текст, вставьте слова из таблицы в пробелы по смыслу, изменив их при необходимости.

attachments e-mail messages sound file text file

modem open attachments e-mail address e-mail program

access (the Internet) computer image file Internet

Internet Service Provider download (e-mail message)

Cindy Lewis is a journalist. She works for Gender, a weekly magazine on the (1) _____. Cindy writes the problem page for the magazine. Cindy has two young children so she doesn't work in the magazine office every day, she works at home using her (2) _____.

Every morning she checks her (3) _____. She switches on her computer and her (4) _____. She starts Outlook Express. This is the (5) _____ which Cindy uses. She (6) _____ her e-mail messages. She usually receives about 35 messages every day.

M ost of the messages come from the Gender office, but she also gets messages from friends and colleagues around the world. They send messages to her (7) _____ Sometimes they just send messages with (8) _____ Some friends send longer pieces of writing in a (9) _____, or photographs in an (10) _____, or even music in a (11) _____ Cindy can (12) _____ these and see the texts, pictures or listen to the recordings.

Cindy's e-mail address is [email protected]. Demon is a company which Cindy uses to (13) _____ her e-mail and the Internet. Demon is an ISP, an (14)

Задание 2. Переведите слова.

chemicals solution input division experiment

plant program subtraction mouse virus

liquid root drive test memory

addition earth acid tube

leaf equation network habitat

Задание 3. Вставьте слова из задания 2, которые используются в повседневном общении. Заполните пробелы, выделите вставленное слово.

1 What is your favourite ______________on radio?

2 According to the ___________________ the conference starts on Monday.

3 They went for a ___________________ along the coast.

4 Doctors all over the world are working to prevent the spread of ___________ infections.

5 As the _________________ of energy increases, the volume gets louder.

6 The girl was as quiet as a _____________.

7 We use a _______________________ for moving cursor.

8 What is the capacity of your hard _____________________?

9 Today there are more computer __________________ than there are words in the English language.

10 Se’s got a good ______________________ for faces.

 GRAMMAR

Задание 4. Замените придаточные предложения инфинитивными оборотами.

Образец: He is so old that he cannot skate. He is too old to skate.

1. She has got so fat that she cannot wear this dress now. 2. The accident was so terrible that I don't want to talk about it. 3. They were so empty-headed that they could not learn a single thing. 4. The window was so dirty that they could not see through it.

Задание 5. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Participle 1 и Participle II.

a) A fish taken out of the water cannot live.

b) A person taking a sun-bath must be very careful.

c) Taking a dictionary, he began to translate the text.

a) A line seen through this crystal looks double.

b) A teacher seeing a mistake in a student's dictation always corrects it.

c) Seeing clouds of smoke over the house, the girl cried: "Fire! Fire!"

Задание 6. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

I have ... colour TV-set. ... TV-set is on ... little table in ... corner of ... room. 2. There is ... book, ... pen, and ... paper on my ... writing-desk. 3. My ... brother is ... teacher. He works at ... school. He has ... very good books. His ... books are in ... big bookcase. 4. There is ... tea in my ... glass. There is no ... tea in my ... friend's ... glass. His ... glass is empty. 5. Where is ... coffee-table in your ... room? — ... coffee-table is in ... front of ... sofa. There is ... cup on ... coffee-table and ... newspa­pers. There is ... coffee in ... cup.

Задание 7. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.

1. This is my stocking. 2. He has a new suit. 3. This metal is very hard. 4. That ship is a Russian one. 5. I heard her voice. 6. His dog does not like bread. 7. The plate was on the table. 8. This town is very large. 9. I was talking to her at the tram stop yesterday. 10. Is that girl your sister?

Контрольная работа 5

 READING

Задание 1. Прочитайте статью и переведите выделенный абзац.

The Internet and education.

Until quite recently Silicon Valley and its innovations had little effect on teaching and learning. But with the rise of the Internet, information technology is beginning to have much more influence on education. Two areas which are becoming more and more significant are 'blogs' and 'wikis'.

The word 'blog' is short for 'weblog'. A blog is an online diary of or 'log' of someone's life, thoughts, opinions. Anybody can create their own 'blog' and blogging is becoming extremely popular – type 'blog' into Google and you'll get over 500 million results. For educational purposes, academics, teachers, and students create blogs as personal online study sites: places to work together and share information and ideas.

'Wikis' are websites where anyone can add content and make changes, so that the site becomes a group creation – 'wiki' stands for 'What I Know Is'. These sites can be a valuable source of information and opinion for students, though the information may not be totally accurate – some academics refuse to use them. Perhaps the best known wiki is the online encyclopedia, Wikipedia. Wikipedia is working hard to make sure that its information is completely accurate, so students will be able to use it with confidence, and there's no doubt that it is incredible resource.

Задание 2. Вставьте пропущенные слова в предложения, воспользуйтесь текстом, если необходимо.

1. With the rise of the Internet, information technology is beginning to have much more influence on __________ .

2. A __________ is an online diary.

3. For educational purposes, academics, teachers, and __________ create blogs as personal online ___________ sites.

4. 'Wikis' can be a valuable source of­ __________ .

5. The best known wiki is the online _________ , Wikipedia.

 GRAMMAR

Задание 3. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

I have ... colour TV-set. ... TV-set is on ... little table in ... corner of ... room. 2. There is ... book, ... pen, and ... paper on my ... writing-desk. 3. My ... brother is ... teacher. He works at ... school. He has ... very good books. His ... books are in ... big bookcase. 4. There is ... tea in my ... glass. There is no ... tea in my ... friend's ... glass. His ... glass is empty. 5. Where is ... coffee-table in your ... room? — ... coffee-table is in ... front of ... sofa. There is ... cup on ... coffee-table and ... newspa­pers. There is ... coffee in ... cup.

Задание 4. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.

1. This is my stocking. 2. He has a new suit. 3. This metal is very hard. 4. That ship is a Russian one. 5. I heard her voice. 6. His dog does not like bread. 7. The plate was on the table. 8. This town is very large. 9. I was talking to her at the tram stop yesterday. 10. Is that girl your sister? 11. I shall give you my book. 12. This story will be a good one. 13. Is this a good match? 14. The boy put his book on the desk. 15. She took off her hat.

Задание 5. Выберите из скобок требующуюся форму причастия.

1 .a) The girl (writing, written) on the blackboard

is our best pupil.

b) Everything (writing, written) here is quite right.

2. a) The house (surrounding, surrounded) by tall trees is very beautiful.

b) The wall (surrounding, surrounded) the house was very high.

3. a) Who is that boy (doing, done) his homework at that table?

b) The exercises (doing, done) by the pupils were easy.

Задание 6. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму.

1. They have done something. 2. He has given them some money. 3. You have brought something for us. 4. I have taken some English books from you. 5. She was reading something. 6. He has written a letter to somebody. 7. Somebody by the name of Petrov lives on the third floor. 8. They have some English books. 9. There are some tall trees in front of their house. 10. Peter has something in his box.

Контрольная работа 6

Задание 1. Переведите текст с помощью словаря

Electrical and electronics engineering

Electrical and electronics engineering is the largest and most diverse field of engineering. It is concerned with the development and design, application, and manufacture of systems and devices that use electric power and signals. Among the most important subjects in the field are electric power and machinery, electronic circuits, control systems, computer design, superconductors, solid-state electronics, medical imaging systems, robotics, lasers, radar, consumer electronics, and fibre optics.

Despite its diversity, electrical engineering can be divided into four main branches: electronic power and machinery, electronics, communications and control, and computers.

Задание 2. Переведите слова и словосочетания технических характеристик двигателя.

Weight /power ratio; specific fuel consumption; flexibility; reliability; balance;

weight in pounds per horse power output; absence of vibration

Задание 3. Переведите предложения.

The higher is the pressure, the higher is the temperature.

Their weight is more than that of gasoline engines.

The cost of a heavier fuel is less than that of a light one.

The fuel consumption of a diesel is much less than that of gasoline engines.

something. 6. He has written a letter to somebody. 7. Somebody by the name of Petrov lives on the third floor. 8. They have some English books.

 GRAMMAR

Задание 4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

I have ... colour TV-set. ... TV-set is on ... little table in ... corner of ... room. 2. There is ... book, ... pen, and ... paper on my ... writing-desk. 3. My ... brother is ... teacher. He works at ... school. He has ... very good books. His ... books are in ... big bookcase. 4. There is ... tea in my ... glass. There is no ... tea in my ... friend's ... glass. His ... glass is empty. 5. Where is ... coffee-table in your ... room? — ... coffee-table is in ... front of ... sofa. There is ... cup on ... coffee-table and ... newspa­pers. There is ... coffee in ... cup.

Задание 5. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.

1. This is my stocking. 2. He has a new suit. 3. This metal is very hard. 4. That ship is a Russian one. 5. I heard her voice. 6. His dog does not like bread. 7. The plate was on the table. 8. This town is very large. 9. I was talking to her at the tram stop yesterday. 10. Is that girl your sister? 11. I shall give you my book. 12. This story will be a good one. 13. Is this a good match? 14. The boy put his book on the desk. 15. She took off her hat.

Задание 6. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму.

1. They have done something. 2. He has given them some money. 3. You have brought something for us. 4. I have taken some English books from you.

Контрольная работа 7

Задание 1. Переведите текст с помощью словаря. Electric power and machinery

The field of electric power is concerned with the design and operation of systems for generating, transmitting, and distributing electric power Engineers in this field have brought about several important developments since the late 1970s. One of these is the ability to transmit power at extremely high voltages in both the direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) modes, reducing power losses proportionately. Another is the real-time control of power generation, transmission, and distribution, using computers to analyse the data fed back from the power system to a central station and thereby optimizing the efficiency of the system while it is in operation.

A significant advance in the engineering of electric machinery has been the introduction of electronic controls that enable AC motors to run at variable speeds by adjusting the frequency of the current fed into them. DC motors have also been made to run more efficiently this way.

Задание 2. Переведите слова и словосочетания технических характеристик двигателя.

Weight /power ratio; specific fuel consumption; flexibility; reliability; balance;

weight in pounds per horse power output; absence of vibration

 GRAMMAR

Задание 3. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. My ... friend has to get up early in ... morning because he goes to ... school. That's why he usually goes to ... bed early in ... evening.

2. ... weather was very bad in ... morning yesterday. ... sky was grey and it was raining. But in ... middle of ... day ... weather began to change. ... rain stopped and ... sun appeared from behind ... clouds. In ... afternoon it was very warm. I did not want to stay at ... home and went into ... yard.

Задание 4. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.

1. This room is very large. 2. There is a match in the box. 3. Has this lady a knife? 4. There is a man and a woman in the street. 5. This lady is that gen­tleman's wife. 6. This shoe is too large for my foot. 7. The child is sitting on a bench. 8. My tooth is white. 9. This key is made of steel. 10. A potato is a vegetable and a cherry is a fruit.

Задание 5. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму.

1. They have done something. 2. He has given them some money. 3. You have brought something for us. 4. I have taken some English books from you. 5. She was reading.

Задание 6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.

1. I (to play) computer games yesterday. 2. I (to play) computer games at five o'clock yesterday. 3. He (to play) computer games from two till three yesterday. 4. We (to play) computer games the whole evening yesterday. 5. What Nick (to do) when you came to his place? 6. What you (to do) when I rang you up? 7. I (not to sleep) at nine o'clock yesterday. 8. What he (to do) yesterday? - He (to read) a book. 9. What he (to do) the whole evening yesterday? - He (to read) a book. 10. She (to sleep) when you came home?

Контрольная работа 8

 READING

Задание 1. Прочтите текст и переведите письменно выделенный отрывок.

PROFESSION OF MANAGER

Few people better personify the French technocratic elite that has held France in a tight grip for many decades than Pierre Bilger. Bilger is the Chairman of Alstom, the giant power and railway equipment company formed out of the joint venture between Britain's General Electric Company (GEC) and France's Alcatel-Alsthom, which became a separately quoted company in 1998.

On graduating, Bilger, like many of his ENA colleagues, joined the Finance Ministry, rising quickly up its ranks. In 1982 he switched from government to industry, joining CGE, as Alcatel-Alsthom was then known, although since the company was at that time owned by the French state, the change was more apparent than real.

At Alcatel-Alsthom his big project was overseeing the formation in 1988 of the joint venture with GEC. As soon as the joint venture, GEC-Alsthom, was formed, Bilger was given the task of running it.

After a decade of working for one of the largest Anglo-French joint ventures, Bilger is well attuned to Anglo-Saxon attitudes. He speaks frequently of shareholders and of the need to keep costs down but he still remains very French. His explanations are fluent and polished and his arguments have none of the down-to-earth style you might expect from someone running a British engineering company.

Although Britain and France are neighbours, their business cultures could hardly be further apart. What, I ask, had he found most irritating about the English once he was put in charge of a company full of them? 'What I found most irritating about our British colleagues was their great reluctance to go through what we French would consider a rational process of making a decision,' he answered thoughtfully. 'They insist on going straight to the point, whereas we like to have a systematic agenda. But over time I came to appreciate that this had its virtues as well.'

Like most French establishment figures, Bilger is an ardent Europhile. The company, he believes, is itself an experiment in unity; soon after the British and French parts were put together, German and Spanish units were added. After a brief attempt at using multiple languages inside the company, Bilger soon decided

to impose English as the company language, partly because the English were reluctant to learn any other languages. 'We lost a few French managers because of that, but not many,' he says.

Alstom remains a technological leader and it is led by bright people. Bilger does not mention it, but in France the country's cleverest, best-qualified people can be found running manufacturing companies. In Britain that has not been true for almost a century.

Задание 2. Переведите предложения.

The higher is the pressure, the higher is the temperature.

Their weight is more than that of gasoline engines.

The cost of a heavier fuel is less than that of a light one.

The fuel consumption of a diesel is much less than that of gasoline engines.

something. 6. He has written a letter to somebody. 7. Somebody by the name of Petrov lives on the third floor. 8. They have some English books.

 GRAMMAR

Задание 3. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. My ... friend has to get up early in ... morning because he goes to ... school. That's why he usually goes to ... bed early in ... evening.

2. ... weather was very bad in ... morning yesterday. ... sky was grey and it was raining. But in ... middle of ... day ... weather began to change. ... rain stopped and ... sun appeared from behind ... clouds. In ... afternoon it was very warm. I did not want to stay at ... home and went into ... yard.

Задание 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Future Simple.

1. When he (return) I’ll give him the key.

2. He (be) ready as soon as you (be).

3. I (stay) in bed till the clock (strike) seven.

4. She (be) delighted when she (hear) this.

5. Stay here till the lights (turn) green.

Задание 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

1. Mother (to cook) a very tasty dinner yesterday. 2. Tomorrow Nick (not to go) to school. 3. Look! My friends (to play) football. 4, Kate (not to write) letters every day. 5. You (to see) your friend yesterday? 6, Your father (to go) on a business trip last month? 7. What Nick (to do) yesterday? 8. When Nick (to get) up every morning? 9. Where your mother (to go) tomorrow? 10. I (to invite) my friends to come to my place tomorrow.

Задание 6. Соедините начало предложений с их окончанием, запишите и переведите предложения.

1. The progress of motor cars 2. Many of the cars broke for the transmissions 3. Multi-cylinder engines 4. The most famous of these acts 5. J.Cugnot* built a steam-driven engine which 6. There was a great need for the engine that 7. The problem of a more efficient engine 8. The cars of that time

A. came into use. B. could quickly be started and stopped. C. were very small, two-seated cars with no roof. D. met the great opposition in Great Britain. E. was solved by the invention of the internal combustion engine. F. was the Red Flag Act of 1865. G. were still unreliable and constantly gave trouble. H. ran at maximum speed of four miles.

Контрольная работа 9

Задание 1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на вопросы.

Задание 2. Переведите выделенный текст.

Mechanical engineering

It is well known that with the invention of the steam engine and the growth of factories a number of civil engineers became interested in the practical application of the science of mechanics and thermodynamics to the design of machines. The result was that they separated themselves from civil engineering and called themselves "mechanical engineers”. It was that trend that laid the foundation for a new branch of one that was called mechanical engineering.

At present mechanical engineering occupies a prominent position among modern production processes. It is mechanical engineering that deals with the design and construction of steam engines, turbines, air-conditioning and refrigeration devices. Conveyors, escalators and elevators are also designed by mechanical engineers. And again, it is the mechanical engineer that designs machine-tools for various operations and it is he who applies these machine-tools in various production processes.

One must know, too, that aeronautics is also one of the many branches of mechanical engineering, the one that deals with the mechanics of moving bodies in fluid or air.

1. What inspired interest of civil engineers to practical applications of some sciences?

2. What mechanical engineering deals with?

Задание 3. Распределите слова по отраслям согласно таблице. Некоторые слова могут относиться к нескольким отраслям.

chemicals solution input division experiment

plant program subtraction mouse virus

liquid root drive test memory

addition earth acid tube

leaf equation network habitat

Mathematics	Biology	Computer Science	Chemistry

Задание 4. Термины из задания 3 используются в повседневном общении. Заполните пробелы, выделите вставленное слово.

1 What is your favourite ______________on radio?

2 According to the ___________________ the conference starts on Monday.

3 They went for a ___________________ along the coast.

4 Doctors all over the world are working to prevent the spread of ___________ infections.

5 As the _________________ of energy increases, the volume gets louder.

6 The girl was as quiet as a _____________.

7 We use a _______________________ for moving cursor.

8 What is the capacity of your hard _____________________?

9 Today there are more computer __________________ than there are words in the English language.

10 Se’s got a good ______________________ for faces.

 GRAMMAR

Задание 5. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. My ... friend has to get up early in ... morning because he goes to ... school. That's why he usually goes to ... bed early in ... evening.

2. ... weather was very bad in ... morning yesterday. ... sky was grey and it was raining. But in ... middle of ... day ... weather began to change. ... rain stopped and ... sun appeared from behind ... clouds. In ... afternoon it was very warm. I did not want to stay at ... home and went into ... yard.

Задание 6. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.

1. This man is an engineer. 2. That woman is my sister. 3. This child is my son, 4. That goose is big. 5. This mouse is white. 6. This man is a doctor. 7. That woman is my cousin. She is a teacher 8. That girl is my niece. She is a pupil. 9. This girl has a blue sweater. 10. This boy has a good coat.

Контрольная работа 10

 READING

Задание 1. Прочтите текст и выполните задания.

Engine

The word ‘engine’ originally meant any ingenious device and came from Greek word ingenious (clever). Any kind of vehicle must be able to move. The ability to move demands power. A machine that produces mechanical power is called an engine or a power plant. Engines present one of the most interesting groups of problems considered in the engineering field. One of the main problems is receiving the maximum possible power or thrust for minimum weight. Weight is included in the weight/power ratio, which is defined as the weight in pounds per horse power output.

Another important problem is that of fuel. Both in the past and now designers work at the problem of getting lower specific fuel consumption. Specific fuel consumption is obtained by dividing the weight of the fuel burnt per hour by the horse power developed.

Another possible problem considered in any engine is its flexibility. Flexibility is the ability of the engine to run smoothly and perform properly at all speeds and through all variations of atmospheric conditions.

One more important problem worked at by the designers is the engine reliability. The engine is to have a long life with maximum of time between overhaul periods. In some cases the problem of balance is one of the main. Balance has several possible meanings but the principal factor is absence of vibration. Besides any engine must be started easily and carry its full load in a few minutes. There are gasoline engines, diesel engines, gas turbines, steam engines, jet engines and rocket engines. Each of them has certain advantages and disadvantages over other forms of power plants.

Задание 2. Переведите слова и словосочетания технических характеристик двигателя.

Weight /power ratio; specific fuel consumption; flexibility; reliability; balance;

weight in pounds per horse power output; absence of vibration

Задание 3. Переведите предложения.

The higher is the pressure, the higher is the temperature.

Their weight is more than that of gasoline engines.

The cost of a heavier fuel is less than that of a light one.

The fuel consumption of a diesel is much less than that of gasoline engines.

 GRAMMAR

Задание 5. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в Present Simple.

1.They always (have) breakfast at 7.

2.He (not/wear) glasses.

3.She usually (have) cereal for breakfast.

4.I (be) never late for work.

5.We (need) an answer from you before Wednesday.

6.She (not/eat) meat at all.

7.He never (reply) to my emails.

Задание 6. Перепишите следующий текст в прошедшем времени, подчеркните или выделите жирным шрифтом глаголы в Past Simple.

John wakes up when it is already quite light. He looks at his watch. It is a quarter to seven. Quick! Boris jumps out of bed and runs to the bath-room. He has just time to take a cold shower and I drink a glass of tea with bread and butter. He is in a hurry to catch the eight o'clock train. At the railway station he meets three other boys from his group. They all have small backpacks and fishing-rods. In less than an hour they get off the train at a small station near a wood. They walk very quickly and soon find themselves on the shore of a large lake. The boys spend the whole day there fishing, boating and swimming. They return home late at night.

Грамматический справочник

ТАБЛИЦА НЕПРАВИЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ

Infinitive	Past Indefinite	Participle II	Перевод
to be to beat to become to begin to blow to break to bring to build to burn to buy to catch to choose to come to cost to cut to do to draw to drink to drive to eat to fall to feel to fight to find to fly to forget to get to give to go to grow to have to hear to hold to keep to know to lead to learn to leave to lend to let to light to lose to make to mean to meet to put to read to ring to run to say to see to sell to send to set to shine to show to shut to sing to sit to sleep to speak to spend to stand to sweep to swim to take to teach to tell to think to throw to understand to upset to win to write	was, were beat became began blew broke brought built burnt bought caught chose came cost cut did drew drank drove ate fell felt fought found flew forgot got gave went grew had heard held kept knew led learnt left lent let lit lost made meant met put read rang ran said saw sold sent set shone showed shut sang sat slept spoke spent stood swept swam took taught told thought threw understood upset won wrote	been beat become begun blown broken brought built burnt bought caught chosen come cost cut done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen felt fought found flown forgotten got given gone grown had heard held kept known led learnt left lent let lit lost made meant met put read rung run said seen sold sent set shone showed shut sung sat slept spoken spent stood swept swum taken taught told thought thrown understood upset won written	быть бить становиться начинать(ся) дуть ломать приносить строить гореть, жечь покупать ловить, поймать выбирать приходить стоить резать делать тащить; рисовать пить везти есть, кушать падать чувствовать (себя) бороться находить летать забывать получать давать идти; ехать расти иметь слышать держать держать; хранить знать вести учиться; узнавать покидать, оставлять давать взаймы позволять зажигать терять делать, создавать значить; иметь в виду встречать(ся) класть, ставить читать звонить, звенеть бежать сказать, говорить видеть продавать посылать, отправлять помещать, класть светить, сиять показывать закрывать петь сидеть спать говорить тратить; проводить стоять мести, подметать плавать брать, взять учить, обучать сказать, рассказывать думать бросать понимать расстраивать, опрокидывать побеждать, выигрывать писать

ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ ТАБЛИЦЫ

Active Voice

	Simple (V)	Continuous (to be + Ving)	Perfect (to have + Ved/3)
Present	I translate He translates Do you translate? Does he translate? I don’t translate He doesn’t translate	I am translating He is translating We are translating Are you translating I am not translating	I have translated He has translated Have you translated? Has he translated? I haven’t translated
Past	I translated. (I went. 2f.) Did you translate? I didn’t translate.	I was translating We were translating Were you translating I wasn’t translating	I had translated Had you translated? I hadn’t translated
Future	I shall/will translate. He will translate. Will you translate? I shan’t/won’t translate.	I shall/will be translating	I shal/will have translated Will you have translated? I shan’t/won’t have translated

Passive Voice

	Simple (to be + Ved/3f)	Continuous (to be + being + Ved/3f)	Perfect (to have + been + Ved/3)
Present	The letter is translated The letters are translated Is the letter translated? Are the letters translated? The letter isn’t translated The letters aren’t translated	The letter is being translated The letters are being translated Is the letter being translated? Are the letters being translated? The letter isn’t being translated The letters aren’t being translated	The letter has been translated The letters have been translated Has the letter been translated? Have the letters been translated? The letter hasn’t been translated The letters haven’t been translated
Past	The letter was translated The letters were translated Was the letter translated? Were the letters translated? The letter wasn’t translated The letters weren’t translated	The letter was being translated The letters were being translated Was the letter being translated? Were the letters being translated? The letter wasn’t being translated The letters weren’t being translated	The letter had been translated Had the letter been translated? The letter hadn’t been translated
Future	The letter will be translated Will the letter be translated? The letter won’t be translated		The letter will have been translated Will the letter have been translated? The letter won’t have been translated

МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ

И ИХ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТЫ

Глагол	Значение	Present	Past	Future
can/could	1.умение, способность 2. возможность 3. просьба в вежливой форме	I can translate it. Could you please translate the article?	I could translate articles when I was at school.
to be able (to)	Способность, возможность	I am able to translate the article/	I was able to translate the article yesterday.	I will be able to translate the article tomorrow.
must	1.обязанность, моральный долг 2. приказ 3. уверенное предположение	I must translate this article. You must translate the article. He must be translating right now.
to have (to)	Вынужденность, обязанность	I have to translate the article.	I had to translate it.	I will have to translate it.
to be (to)	Долженствование в силу договоренности или плана	I am to translate the article.	I was to translate the article.	I will be to translate the article.
should	1.Обязанность (менее сильная, чем must) 2. Совет 3.Упрек, сожаление	I should to translate the article. You should translate articles more often. You should not translate articles so carelessly.
May/might	1.Разрешение 2. Неуверенное предположение	I may translate it. (1. Мне можно перевести это. 2. Я, может быть, переведу это.)	He said I might translate it.
To be allowed (to)	разрешение	I am allowed to translate it.	I was allowed to translate it.	I will be allowed to translate it.

СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН

В сложноподчиненных предложениях время глагола-сказуемого придаточного предложения согласуется с временем глагола-сказуемого главного предложения следующим образом.

He lives in New York. I thought he lived in New York.	Одновременное действие в главном и придаточном предложениях.
Mother is sleeping. I knew that mother was sleeping.	Одновременное действие в главном и придаточном предложениях.
He has returned from London. I was told that he had returned from London.	Предшествующее действие в придаточном предложении.
He bought a new car. They heard he had bought a new car.	Предшествующее действие в придаточном предложении.
Mary will send us a letter. I supposed Mary would send us a letter.	Последующее действие в придаточном предложении.

В косвенных вопросах сохраняется прямой порядок слов (т.е. как в утвердительном предложении)

Специальные вопросы
“What is Nick doing?”	Mother asked what Nick was doing.
“Where do you live?”	The policeman asked me where I lived.
“When did you come home yesterday?”	Dad wondered when I had come home the day before.
“When will your mother come home?”	The teacher wondered when our mother would come home.
“What have your prepared for the lesson?”	The class-master wanted to know what Peter had prepared for the lesson.
Общие вопросы
“Do you play chess?”	Fred asked me if I played chess.
“Did you skate last winter?”	Alex wondered whether I had skated last winter.
“Are you listening to me?”	The doctor asked if I was listening to him.
“Have you done your homework?”	The class master wondered whether I had done my homework.
“Will you see Alice tomorrow?”	Peter asked if I would see Alice the next day.
“Are you busy?”	Ann asked me if I was busy.
Повелительные предложения в косвенной речи
“Keep quiet!”	The teacher asked me to keep quiet.
“Don’t make noise!”	She told me not to make noise.

При переводе предложений из прямой речи в косвенную не забывайте заменять обстоятельства времени, как указано в таблице:

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь	Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
today tomorrow this…… last year last…. now	that day the next day that… the year before the…..before then	yesterday …….ago here last month next…..	the day before …….before there the month before the following…..

ТИПЫ УСЛОВНЫХ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ

Реальное условие (I тип)		Нереальное условие, относящееся к настоящему или будущему (II тип)			Нереальное условие, относящееся к прошлому (III тип)
Главное	Придаточное		Главное	Придаточное		Главное	Придаточное
I’ll come Я приду,	if I am free. если буду свободен.		I should come Я бы пришел,	if I were free. если бы был свободен.		He would have come yesterday Он бы пришел вчера,	if he had been free. если бы был свободен.
He did it Он сделал это,	if he was free. если был свободен.		He would do it Он бы это сделал,	if he were free. если бы был свободен.		He would have done it before Он бы это сделал раньше,	if he had been free. если бы был свободен.
I am never late Я никогда не опаздываю,	if my watch is right. если мои часы идут правильно.		I should never be late Я бы никогда не опаздывал,	if my watch were right. если бы мои часы шли правильно.		I should not have been late yesterday Я бы не опоздал вчера,	if my watch had been right. если бы мои часы шли правильно.

Таблица форм причастий

	Participle I		Participle II
	Active	Passive	Changed Eaten
Indefinite	Changing Eating	Being changed Being eaten
Perfect	Having changed Having eaten	Having been changed Having been eaten

Таблица форм герундия

	Active	Passive
Indefinite	writing	being written
Perfect	having written	having been written

Функции герундия в предложении и способы перевода на русский язык

Функция	Пример	Перевод
1. подлежащее	Smoking is not allowed here.	Курение (курить) здесь не разрешается
2. именная часть составного сказуемого (после глагола to be)	His hobby is driving a car.	Его любимое занятие – вождение(водить).
3.дополнение а) прямое (сразу после сказуемого) б) предложное (после предлога)	The car needs repairing. They spoke about their traveling to the North.	Машина нуждается в ремонте. Они говорили о путешествии на север.
4.обстоятельство	After receiving good results they stopped experiments	После получения хороших результатов они прекратили эксперименты.

Список используемой литературы

1. Сборник по английскому языку на темы «Автомобиль. Трактор. Двигатель внутреннего сгорания». – Юрга: ИПЛ ЮТИ ТПУ, 2007 г. – 68 с.

2. Сборник текстов и упражнений по английскому языку на тему «Экономика» для студентов 2 курса ЮТИ ТПУ – Юрга: ИПЛ ЮТИ ТПУ, 2007 г. – 88с.

3. Сборник текстов и упражнений для студентов специальности «Технология Машиностроения». – Юрга: ИПЛ ЮТИ ТПУ, 2007 г. – 37 с.

8. Ульянова О.В.Английский язык: учебное пособие / О.В. Ульянова, Л.П. Шурпик, О.В. Осипова, Ю.А. Карманова. – Томск: Изд-во Томского политехнического университета, 2008. – 164 с.