Презентация "Geographical position, capital, major cities and regions of Russia".

Geographical position, capital, major cities and regions of Russia

by Ilya Osovik

Russia

• Russia is the largest country in the world, located in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia and washed by the waters of the Pacific and Arctic Oceans. Russia is located in the northern part of the continent of Eurasia, occupies about 40% of the area of Europe and 30% of the area of Asia. At the same time, European Russia is the most developed in socio-economic terms,

Russia

• Due to its access to the seas, Russia can carry out foreign economic relations with many countries of the world. The most important role in this is played by the seas of the Atlantic Ocean, along which the sea routes connecting Russia with the countries of Western Europe and with other parts of the world pass.

• However, the benefits of Russia's coastal position have not been fully realized, since the largest part of the sea coast (about 97%) belongs to the seas of the Arctic Ocean, which are ice-bound all year round, and the seas of the Pacific Ocean, with less severe climatic conditions, but freezing in winter.

• The territory consists of a mainland and an island part. Therefore, the extreme points are located both on the mainland and on the islands. At the same time, the coordinates of the northernmost and easternmost points — M. Chelyuskin and M. Dezhnev are the extreme points of the continent of Eurasia.

Capital city

• In 1918, the capital was moved for the last time — from St. Petersburg back to Moscow. First, members of the new government — the Council of People's Commissars — headed by Vladimir Lenin moved there. Two years later, the once merchant Moscow became the capital of a new state — the RSFSR, and in 1922 — the Soviet Union.Since 1991, Moscow has been the capital of the Russian Federation. It is the largest city in the country and Europe. Historical monuments of different eras have been preserved here: archaeological finds, the Kremlin, temples and Stalinist architecture.

Russian regions

• According to the Constitution of Russia, the Russian Federation is a federal state and consists of 89 equal subjects — republics, territories, regions, cities of federal significance, autonomous districts and autonomous region. The highest official of a subject of the Russian Federation is the chief executive elected in accordance with the charter or constitution of the subject of the Russian Federation and is the head of the highest executive body of state power of this subject of the Russian Federation — the governor, mayor, head of the subject or head of the administration of the subject, but not the "president", since according to the federal law "On General Principles of organization the public authorities in the subjects of the Russian Federation (Article 20, part 5) have a direct ban on the use of words and phrases in the title of the posts of heads of Russian regions that make up the name of the position of the head of state, that is, the word "president". Each region has its own charter or constitution, a system of executive bodies

New Russian regions

• The last amendment to Article 65 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation was made on October 6, 2022, after adding information about the Donetsk People's Republic, Luhansk People's Republic, Kherson and Zaporozhye regions — occupied during a full-scale invasion and previously the territories of Ukraine annexed by Russia on September 30.

Central Federal District

• The territory of the district is 650,205 km2, that is, 3.8% of the territory of the Russian Federation, which is more than Ukraine. In terms of population, it surpasses all other federal districts. It is located on the East European plain; there are Valdai, Smolensk-Moscow and Central Russian uplands, Meshcherskaya and Oka-Don lowlands. The highest point is 347 meters (the top of Valdai).

North Caucasus Federal District

• The North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD) is a federal district of the Russian Federation in the south of the European part of Russia, in the central and eastern part of the North Caucasus.

• The North Caucasus Federal District includes seven federal subjects with an area of 170,439 km2 (1% of the territory of the Russian Federation) and a population of 10,205,730 people (6.97% of the population of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2023). The administrative center of the North Caucasus Federal District is the city of Pyatigorsk.

Southern Federal District

• The Southern Federal District (SFD, from May 13 to June 21, 2000 — the North Caucasus Federal District) is a federal district of the Russian Federation in the south of its European part. The district consists of eight subjects of the Russian Federation, including the disputed Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol[c]. The population of the Southern Federal District is 16,642,052 people (11.36% of the population of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2023), the area is 447,821 km2 (2.61% of the territory of the Russian Federation).

North-Western Federal District

• The North-Western Federal District (NWFD) is a federal district of the Russian Federation in the north and north-west of its European part. The district consists of 11 subjects of the Russian Federation, with a population of 13,867,347 people (9.47% of the population of Russia as of January 1, 2023) and an area of 1,686,972 km2 (9.85% of the territory of the Russian Federation). The center of the district is the federal city of St. Petersburg.

Volga Federal District

• The Volga Federal District borders Kazakhstan, as well as the Southern, Central, North-Western and Ural Federal Districts.

• The population of the Volga Federal District is 28 683 247 people (2023) (19.59% of the population of Russia). The basis of the population is made up of citizens (72.66%), which is generally slightly lower than the all-Russian indicator (75.1%).

• The administrative center is Nizhny Novgorod.

Ural Federal District

• Ural Federal District (UrFO, Ufa) is a federal district of the Russian Federation, within the Urals and Western Siberia. It was formed by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 13, 2000.

• The territory of the district is 10.62% of the territory of Russia.

Siberian Federal District

• Siberian Federal District (SFD) is a federal district in the Siberian part of the Russian Federation. It was formed by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 13, 2000.

• It has 10 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, among which there are both republics and territories and regions.

• The territory of the district is 25.47% of the territory of the Russian Federation (the second largest, not much inferior to the Far Eastern Federal District). It has both land and sea borders.

Far Eastern Federal District

• The Far Eastern Federal District (Far Eastern Federal District) is a federal district of the Russian Federation occupying the territory of the Russian Far East and Eastern Siberia. It was formed by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000.

• The area of the district is 6,952,555 km2 (slightly smaller than Australia or like two Indies), which is 40.6% of the area of the entire country (the largest federal district in terms of territory size). The population for 2022 is about 8 million people.

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