Английские и русские пословицы и поговорки, трудности их перевода

Municipal budgetary general education institution-Secondary General Education School No. 2 named after I. G. Petrovsky, Sevsk 

                    INDIVIDUAL PROJECT 

  TOPIC: ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN PROVERBS AND SAYINGS DIFFICULTIES IN TRANSLATING THEM 

                 COMPLETED BY A STUDENT OF THE 10TH GRADE 

                                                ZHILKIN ZAKHAR SERGEEVICH 

                                                              PROJECT MANAGER: 

                       KOZHEVNIKOVA GALINA ALEKSANDROVNA 

                                    SEVSK 2021. 

Introduction 

• The wisdom and spirit of the people are primarily manifested in proverbs and sayings, and the knowledge of proverbs and sayings, these "life formulas" contributes not only to a better knowledge of the language, but also to a better understanding of the way of thinking and national character.A comparison of proverbs and sayings of different peoples shows what they have in common and what distinguishes them. The proverbs and sayings reflect the rich historical folk experience, ideas related to the work, life and culture of people. The correct and appropriate use of proverbs and sayings gives speech a unique originality and special expressiveness, semantic, stylistic orientation, and at the same time is one of the main problems of translation. 

Proverbs and sayings as a genre of oral folk art.

• Proverbs and sayings are an ancient genre of folk art. They accompany people from ancient times and have their roots deep into the centuries. Proverbs are created on the basis of people's life experience. Many linguists tend to think that proverbs are an example of oral folk art, passed down from generation to generation. Proverbs should be distinguished from sayings. 

Ways of proverbs appearing in English.

1) Proverbs that came from life

2) Borrowings

3) Proverbs that came from the Bible and Sacred Writings                                                                   

4) Famous sayings of famous people

Diversity, functions and meaning of proverbs and sayings

• The English language is very rich in idiomatic expressions, proverbs and sayings that are constantly found in literature, in newspapers, in films, in radio and television broadcasts, as well as in everyday communication of the British, Americans, Canadians, Australians. English idioms, very diverse, quite complex for English language learners. There are no languages known to science that do not have idioms, phraseological phrases, proverbs and sayings at all.

The ratio, similarity and difference of English and Russian proverbs and sayings

• A comparison of proverbs and sayings of different peoples shows how much these peoples have in common, which, in turn, contributes to their better understanding and rapprochement. It should be noted that many English and Russian proverbs and sayings are ambiguous, which makes them difficult to interpret and compare. When selecting Russian correspondences of an English proverb, the mandatory criterion was the coincidence of one of the meanings (usually the main one). However, it is important to remember that, taking shape in different historical conditions, English and Russian sayings and proverbs often used different images to express the same or similar thoughts, which, in turn, reflect the different social structure and life of the two peoples and are often not absolute equivalents

Difficulties in translating English proverbs and sayings into Russian

• The centuries - old experience of communication between peoples who speak and write in different languages shows that a good translator must not only understand the meaning of the translated text, but also possess the phraseological richness of the language into which the translation is carried out.
• English has its own laws, and Russian has its own laws. English has its own word order, and Russian has a different one.
• In English, there can never be two negatives, and in Russian, we just used two of them: "never" and "not".
• An English phrase would literally read: "There can never be two negatives in an English phrase."
• Russian is flexible, and it allows you to keep the English word order in a phrase, but not always.

Basic rules for translating English proverbs and sayings into Russian

• So, based on the analysis of the difficulty of translation and the features of phraseological units, we can formulate the basic rules for the translation of English proverbs.
• Search for an identical phraseological unit.
• Translate using a similar proverb or saying.
• Afterword translation.
• Search for words that match the meaning and color in your native language.

Classification of English proverbs and sayings in relation to Russian

• Anglo-American phraseological units, proverbs and sayings can be easily correlated with familiar parts of speech (with nouns, verbs, adjectives). That is, some proverbs and sayings are used as nouns, while others are used as adjectives.But there are few such proverbs and sayings that would characterize this or that part of speech. Many proverbs and sayings are easily translated into Russian.Others need an explanation, because on the contrary, they have nothing to do with our Russian expressions, although you can sometimes guess what the British want to say.

          Conclusion .

It has long been noticed that the wisdom and spirit of the people are manifested in their proverbs and sayings, and the knowledge of the proverbs and sayings of a particular people contributes not only to a better knowledge of the language, but also to a better understanding of the way of thinking and character of the people. A comparison of proverbs and sayings of different peoples shows how much these peoples have in common, which, in turn, contributes to their better understanding and rapprochement. The proverbs and sayings reflect the rich historical experience of the people, the ideas associated with the work, life and culture of people. The correct and appropriate use of proverbs and sayings gives speech a unique originality and special expressiveness.

List of literature:

1. English and Russian proverbs and sayings in illustrations. - Moscow: Prosveshchenie, 1993; 2. Russian Russian Russian Russian Russian Dictionary of proverbs and sayings,,. Moscow: Russky yazyk, 1989god; 3. Anglo-Russian phraseological dictionary,. 4 edition, Moscow, 1984; 4. Dal russkogo naroda. M., Russkaya kniga. 1993.5. Dubrovin and Russian proverbs and sayings in illustrations. M., Prosveshchenie. 1995.Russian Russian proverbs and sayings. M., Sovetskaya enciklopediya. 1966.7., Shadrin-English dictionary of proverbs and sayings. M., Russkiy yazyk. 1989.8. Kunin -Russian phraseological dictionary. M., Prosveshchenie. 1984.9. Explanatory dictionary of English proverbs. SPb., Lan. 1997.10. Rybnikova proverbs and sayings. M., Publishing House Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 1961.11., etc. English in proverbs and sayings. A collection of exercises for students of grades 8-10 of the HYPERLINK secondary school "https://pandia.ru/text/category/srednie_shkoli/" HYPERLINK "https://pandia.ru/text/category/srednie_shkoli/" schools. M. Prosveshchenie. 1980.12.