Австралийский английский язык

Australian English Aussie English

By Arbuzova Tatyana,

Pavshukova Tatyana ,

Savinova Olga,

Yakovleva Kristina

This is AUSTRALIA

The history of accent

• Some theories ( MYTHS 1,2 and 3 )

The accent was created by

SUN,

POLLEN

and FLIES.

THE REAL HISTORY

• The accent is a product of the social history , not climate.
• On the First Fleet there was an incredible mixture of people from all over the Britain and Ireland. So, there was a range of accents and dialects mixed together.
• People spoke in dialects most of which were almost incomprehensible for one another.

The most appropriate version is connected with children.

National Character

• "Australians don't respect people just because of their role in society or their birth. They dislike people who seem arrogant. Australians are relaxed and informal about most aspects of daily living."

• "There are some rules about polite behaviour, but Australians aren't too upset if the rules are broken .
• As long as someone's behaviour doesn't interfere with another person's activities or beliefs, Australians are tolerant and easy-going.“

The writer Sally White

• Australians have regularly defined themselves as very different from the English!
• The culture of these people, George Orwell writes, centres around "the pub, the football match, the back garden, the fireside and the 'nice cup of tea'."

• "the liberty to have a home of your own, to do what you like in your spare time, to choose your own amusements instead of having them chosen for you from above."

• This means "inveterate gamblers, drink as much beer as their wages will permit, are devoted to bawdy jokes, and use probably the foulest language in the world".

Australian English Development and Peculiarities

The history of Australian English starts with kangaroo (1770) and Captain James Cook’s glossary of local words used in negotiations with the Endeavour River tribes. The language was pidgin.

Aboriginal Vocabulary 

• billibong -- watering hole

• coolabah -- a type of tree • corroboree -- a ceremony • nulla-nulla -- a club • wallaby -- small kangaroo • wombat -- a small marsupial • woomera -- a weapon • wurley -- a simple shelter

You can find many of common words in Australia’s national song, Waltzing Matilda.

• billy -- tin pot for making tea • cooee -- call used in the outback • dingo -- native dog • jackeroo -- young station hand • joey -- young kangaroo • jumbuck -- sheep • matilda -- backpack • never-never -- the far outback • squatter -- rancher • station -- ranch • swagman -- bushman or tramp • tucker – food

James Hardy Vaux published the New and Comprehensive Vocabulary of the Flash Language in 1812.

• billy comes from the Scottish bally , meaning “a milk pail”
• fossick , meaning “to search unsystematically”, is a Cornish word
• cobber came from the Suffolk verb to cob , “to take a liking to someone”.

Examples with the -o ending include

• abo (aborigine - now considered very offensive),
• aggro (aggressive),
• ambo (ambulance office),
• arvo (afternoon),
• avo (avocado),
• bizzo (business),
• bottleo (bottle shop/liquor store),
• compo (compensation),
• dero (homeless person – from derelict),
• devo (deviant/pervert),
• doco (documentary),
• evo (evening)

etc

Examples of the - ie (- y ) ending include

• aggie (student of agricultural science),
• Aussie (Australian),
• barbie (barbeque),
• beautie (beautiful, stereotypically pronounced and even written bewdy ),
• bikkie (biscuit),
• bitie (biting insect),
• blowie (blowfly),
• bookie (bookmaker),
• brekkie (breakfast),
• brickie (bricklayer)

etc

There are also a lot of abbreviations in Australian English without any suffixes.

• beaut (great, beautiful),
• BYO ( B ring Y our O wn restaurant, party, barbecue etc),
• deli (delicatessen),
• hoon (hooligan),
• nana (banana),
• roo (kangaroo),
• uni (university),
• ute (utility truck or vehicle)
• etc.

Australian metaphors and similes

• as bald as a bandicoot,
• as cunning as a dunny rat,
• as lonely as a country dunny,
• flat out like a lizard drinking,
• grinning like a shot fox,
• look like a consumptive kangaroo

Australian expressions

• a feed, a frostie and a feature,
• bring a plate,
• in full feather,
• rough end of a pineapple,
• to plant the foot,
• to big-note oneself,
• to give it a burl,
• not to know Christmas from Bourke Street,
• not to have a brass razoo,
• dingo’s breakfast,
• to have kangaroos in the top paddock,
• to have tickets on oneself.

Colorful expressions also abound:

• Like a greasespot -- hot and sweaty • Like a stunned mullet -- in a daze • Like a dog’s breakfast -- a mess • Up a gumtree -- in trouble • Mad as a gumtree full of galahs -- insane • Happy as a bastard on Fathers’ Day -- very happy • Dry as a dead dingo’s donger -- very dry indeed

Aussie phonetics

• австралийский вариант английского языка по своему происхождению является так называемым «городским» языком, поскольку первые переселенцы-носители языка были в основном из городов;
• это, прежде всего, язык рабочего класса, язык в большинстве своем необразованных и бедных людей;
• австралийский вариант английского языка включает в себя особенности языка многих частей Англии, Шотландии, Уэльса и Ирландии.

Three variations of the accent:

• Broad Australian (e.g. typical Queensland accent) – the strongest
• General Australian (more neutral)
• Cultivated Australian accent (received prononciation)

Pronunciation

Received Pronunciation

General Australian

/i:/

/ɑ:/

/əɪ/

Example

/u:/

/a:/

see /səɪ/

/əʊ/

/æ/

heart /ha:t/

school /skəʊl/

/e/

/ʌ/

/eɪ/

bad /bed/

/a/

cut /kat/

/æɪ/

/aɪ/

say /sæɪ/

/aʊ/

/ɑɪ/

/əʊ/

/æʊ/

high /hɑɪ/

now /næʊ/

/ʌʊ/

/ɪə/

no /nʌʊ/

/i:/

/eə/

near /ni:/

/e:/

hair /he:/

Australian Vocabulary

Australian English

World Standard English

amber

beer

arvo

afternoon

barrack

cheer

chook

chiken

evo

evening

oil

information

sheila

woman

Pom (my)

English

snag

sausage

Australian American British English Lexical Differences  

Australian English

American English

bloke

British English

guy

crook

chap

sick

duchess

ill

buffet

mate

port

sideboard

buddy (bud)

fellow (feller, fella)

baggage

truckie, trucky

luggage

truck driver

unit

lorry driver

apartment

flat

Грамматические особенности австралийского варианта английского языка

• В Австралии "data" употребляется только во множественном числе, но с глаголом в единственном числе :"Data is ready for processing ”.
• отличия в употреблении глаголов shall - will, should - would, а именно: "shall" остается в употреблении лишь в побудительных и вопросительных формах: "Would" заменил "should" практически везде .
• Вышедшие из употребления в Англии формы whilst - amongst до сих пор в присутствуют в австралийском английском.
• Around = round в значении « в одном направлении, приблизительно, во всех направлениях».